This file contains the metadata of each dependency, including the location the package is downloaded from, any PSR-4 autoloading information, and a hash that references the exact version of a dependency. The fully resolved dependency tree is then stored in the composer.lock file. When we download the commerce module, Composer will also download the Address module and Currency formatting library.Īs Composer resolves each of these dependencies recursively, it builds a full list of 3rd party dependencies used across your project (including dependencies of dependencies). For example, the Drupal Commerce module requires the Address module as well as a non-Drupal PHP library used for currency formatting. Each one of the modules and themes used by your project will have a corresponding line in composer.json.Įach one of our project’s dependencies will have its own dependencies. For example, your project may require drupal/core:>=9.4 which tells Composer to install Drupal core version 9.4 or greater. A change in the major version (such as from Drupal 9.x to 10.x) means that there are potential incompatibilities that developers may need to address when upgrading a project.Ĭomposer uses a composer.json file to track our project’s explicit dependencies as semantic version ranges. Composer uses semantic versioning to communicate compatibility between different package versions. Key Composer PrinciplesĬomposer is a PHP-based dependency manager that is used to track and download things like Drupal modules, Symphony libraries, and even Drupal core itself. If you are running an older version of Drupal such as Drupal 7, check out this article for tips on upgrading your website from Drupal 7 to Drupal 8+. Finally, we will cover using Composer commands to upgrade Drupal and address conflicts. We will then discuss leveraging Composer and community-built tools to ensure compatibility between your code and the latest updates. In this article, we will give a brief overview of how Composer tracks your project’s dependencies in composer.json and composer.lock. Understanding how to leverage Composer to upgrade your Drupal codebase is an absolute necessity. Composer is a powerful tool that can be used to install modules, upgrade Drupal, and even check compatibility between modules and dependencies used across your project. One of the biggest changes that took root in Drupal 8 is the integration of Composer, a PHP-based dependency manager. Since the launch of Drupal 8 in August 2015, Drupal has continued to evolve and add new features that keep it in lock-step with modern development practices. Drupal 10, released in December 2022, brings impressive UI improvements that give a beautiful refresh to the admin interface and default theme. ![]() Every iteration of Drupal brings a multitude of security improvements, accessibility improvements, and a host of new features created by the Drupal community.
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